WHAT ARE SOME OF THE MOST COMMON FIGURE SKATING INJURIES?
Figure skaters suffer both overuse and traumatic injuries. About half of all injuries are caused by overuse and are preventable. Singles skaters have a higher incidence of overuse injuries, while pair skaters and ice dancers are more prone to traumatic injuries.
Common Overuse Injuries
Stress fractures, most commonly to the foot or spine
Stress reactions, such as shin splints and medial tibial stress syndrome
Tendonitis – Achilles, patellar, or peroneal
Muscle strains of the hip
Jumpers knee or patellofemoral syndrome
Apophysitis – Osgood-Schlatter (knee) or iliac crest (hip)
Bursitis in the ankle
Lace bite, an irritation of the tibialis anterior and toe extensor tendon
Common Traumatic Injuries
Ankle sprains and fractures
Dislocation of the patella or shoulder
ACL and meniscal tears
Head injury and concussion
Labral tears of the hip
Lacerations
WHAT CAUSES FIGURE SKATING INJURIES?
Overtraining and Poor Technique
Impact at landing generates deceleration forces measuring up to 100 Gs in adolescent skaters. This phenomenal force is transmitted throughout the lower extremity contacting the ice and axial skeleton and is the main contributor to the host of injuries sustained in figure skating.
Equipment
Boot stiffness: A stiff skating boot is similar to a cast. The stiffer the boot, the more limited the motion at the ankle and thus the knee, hip, and back. This limited motion may contribute to muscle weakness in the foot and ankle.
Blade placement: Poorly placed blades can cause the skater to shift more to an outside or inside edge.
Blade sharpness: Blades that are too sharp can cause less experienced skaters to be more susceptible to traumatic injuries due to the tendency for the blade to "pull" the skater.
HOW ARE FIGURE SKATING INJURIES TREATED?
Traditional treatment of RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) is sufficient for many overuse injuries. Bone stimulators, short-acting steroid injections, and plateletrich- plasma injections are emerging as more advanced treatment interventions for chronic muscles injuries and stress fractures.
HOW CAN INJURIES IN FIGURE SKATING BE PREVENTED?
Reduce exposure to high—G—force landings by limiting the repetition of jumps—especially poorly mastered or new jumps—per training session.
Increase proficiency with new jumps through off-ice training, use of a harness, and ensuring a proper conception of perfect form prior to on-ice repetitions.
Avoid learning new elements during growth spurts, as this causes increased stress on the body.
Warm up for 5-10 minutes prior to putting on skates and stepping on the ice.
Properly fit and break in boots; adjust skate blades and sharpen appropriately.
Inspect ice regularly for chips or gouges that might cause injury.
Perform off-ice conditioning to improve core strength and fitness.
Maintain adequate nutrition. Skaters, particularly girls, are at risk for eating disorders.
Create conversation between coach, skater, and parents to minimize injury and avoid overtraining.
Avoid skating with pain and see a physician if pain persists.
REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
New York Times 2009, Belluck P. Science Takes to the Ice. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes. com/2009/06/23/science/23skate.html
Porter, E, CC Young, MW Niedfeldt, and LM Gottschlich. "Sport Specific Injuries and Medical Problems of Figure Skaters." Wisconsin Medical Journal, Sept. 2007.106(6): 330-4.
CONTRIBUTING EXPERTS
The following expert consultants contributed to the tip sheet:
Jennifer Couch Petty, MPT
Damon H. Petty, MD
Sports Tips provide general information only and are not a substitute for your own good judgement or consultation with a physician.